Global Warming Essay Example

Global Warming Essay Example Global Warming Essay Global Warming Essay Two issues that worry many scientists are planetary heating and the nursery consequence. The nursery consequence is a natural procedure that keeps the Earth at temperatures that are liveable. What does the nursery consequence have to make with planetary heating? When worlds release gases into the air, the nursery consequence will change the temperature of the Earth. More gases in the ambiance means the Earth will get down to acquire heater, and the consequence is planetary warming. On the other manus, if there was no nursery consequence, the Earth would be excessively cold for worlds to comfortably be. In order to speak about planetary heating, we must foremost larn what causes the nursery consequence. The three most common nursery gases are H2O vapour, C dioxide, and methane. Many of the Sun s beams are absorbed by H2O vapour. Water vapour is a natural atmospheric gas and it accounts for aˆ?80 per centum of natural nursery heating ; the staying 20 per centum is due to other gasses that are present in really little amountsaˆ? ( Murck, Skinner, and Porter 488 ) . A nursery gas known as C dioxide is the 2nd biggest absorber of the Sun s heat beams. Worlds affect the sum of C dioxide in the ambiance in many ways. Every clip fossil fuels are burned, more C dioxide is released into the air. Car fumes emanations besides increase the sum of C dioxide in the air, and more C dioxide means more heat beams being absorbed. This will do the Earth s temperature to warm. : Another nursery gas is methane. aˆ?Methane absorbs infrared radiation 25 times more efficaciously than C dioxide, doing it an of import nursery gas despite its comparatively low concentrationaˆ? ( Murck, Skinner, and Porter 490 ) . Many surveies have been performed on how methane is released into the ambiance. Consequences have shown that methane is aˆ?generated by biological activity related to rice cultivation, leaks in domestic and industrial gas lines, and the digestive procedure of domestic farm animal, particularly cattleaˆ? ( Murck, Skinner, and Porter 490 ) . The Environmental Media Services Organization has found that the nursery consequence aˆ?could thrust temperatures up every bit much as 6 grades by the twelvemonth 2100 an addition in heat comparable to the 10 grade warming that ended the last ice ageaˆ? ( Fast Facts ) . If a 10-degree heating was the factor that ended the last ice age, conceive of what another heating could make. aˆ?Consider hydrology, for case. Warm air holds more H2O vapour than cold air, so there is an addition in vaporization in dry countries, and therefore more drought something that has been documented on every continent. Once that H2O is in the ambiance, it s traveling to come down someplace and, so, we have seen the most dramatic implosion therapy of all time recorded in recent old ages. In 2004, 300 million worlds, 1 in 20 of us, had to go forth their places for a hebdomad, a month, a twelvemonth, or everlastingly because of lifting watersaˆ? ( The Planet Speaks 124 ) . Much of the gained H2O would be from runing ice caps in the ocean and runing glaciers on land. Coastal metropoliss and islands could be wiped out. Global warming would non impact merely worlds ; it would besides impact sea life. This would go on because H2O temperatures would lift. aˆ?Corals are intolerant of temperatures merely a few grades warmer than usualaˆ? ( Fast Facts ) . There have been jobs with corals deceasing out in the past few old ages because of increased H2O temperatures. Other marine life would likely migrate to warmer Waterss. The warm H2O would do them believe they were in their natural home ground. A ruin to this unknown migration would be that nutrient would go scarce in their new, unadapted home ground. An illustration is pink-orange ; salmon are besides sensitive to the temperature of the H2O. During the summer when the H2O is warm, salmon have a high metabolic rate. During the winter months, their metamorphosis slows down, which is good because less nutrient is available at this clip. With planetary heating and increased H2O temperatures, salmon would hold a high metabolic rate longer each twelve month. They would perchance eat all the available nutrient and many salmon would decease as a consequence. Global heating is already upseting forms of the circulation of saltwater. Cold H2O moves along the sea floor toward the equator and warm H2O around the equator moves toward the poles across the surface of the ocean. This procedure is really of import to the life of ocean species. This circulation procedure brings oxygenated H2O to the sea floor. If this procedure no longer happened, H2O along the sea floor would go depleted of the O beings need to surviveaˆ? ( Fast Facts ) . The resulting factor would be more decease among deep-sea beings. There are many negative environmental effects of planetary heating. Another consequence is the fact that higher temperatures will take to a alteration in the H2O rhythm. Warmer temperatures will do a greater sum of vaporization from lakes, rivers, watercourses, and oceans. In some countries this could be good, but in other countries it could be bad. In northern parts of the U.S. , where we live, an addition in the temperature and the sum of rain could widen the turning season of harvests. In bend, the husbandmans could do more money. It could besides ache some husbandmans though. There is a possibility that harvests could acquire excessively much rain and harvests could be killed. Certain countries would really acquire less rain, which would take to more drouths. Warm temperatures and moisture conditions would be the chief consequence of planetary heating in certain countries, and warm temperatures and moisture conditions are factors that promote tropical storms. Therefore, tropical storms would look more frequently and with greater frequences. More rain as a consequence of planetary heating will besides coerce works life and its species to set their location. Speciess migrate of course, but scientists ay that planetary heating would do them to migrate at a much faster rate. If the clime alterations, aˆ?some forest species in North America will switch by every bit much as 300 stat mis to the northaˆ? ( Campaign to Stop Global Warming ) . Plants will besides be forced to migrate. If one part is acquiring more rain than another, workss that need more rain that are on the boundary line of these two parts will of course get down migrating into the part that is acquiring more rain. A recent impact of planetary heating is that it is assisting some diseases spread easier and to more people. Mosquitos are a major bearer of lifelessly tropical diseases. These diseases are normally known as malaria, cholera, and dandy fever febrility. aˆ?Malaria eruptions are normally confined to where the minimal winter temperature reaches no lower than 16 grades Celsiusaˆ? ( To Save Lives ) , harmonizing to the Worldwide Fund for Nature, an independent preservation organisation. Scientists are get downing to detect that malaria eruptions are happening outside the normal countries and are imputing this to increased temperatures from planetary heating. States inside the U.S. hold even had more instances of malaria. Summers in the U.S. are acquiring more hot and humid than usual, I can vow for this, and malaria mosquitoes thrive in hot and humid conditions. Increased temperatures and more rain cause hot and humid conditions and if the Earth continues to acquire warmer, malari a will distribute to even more new topographic points. A survey suggests that malaria transmittals would increase from 45 % of the Earth to 60 % of the Earth if atmospheric degrees of nursery gases reach concentrations equivalent to a doubling of CO2 since the Industrial Revolution ( Campaign to Stop Global Warming ) . Cholera and dandy fever febrility besides pose menaces to new populations because they excessively are carried by mosquitoes that thrive in hot and humid conditions. As with malaria, more cholera and dandy fever febrility eruptions are happening because of migrating mosquitoes. These are the most unsafe effects of planetary warming right now because unlike all the other effects discussed, these diseases can kill worlds within a two-week clip and they can distribute like wildfire. Global heating has become a major environmental job in the last five old ages and it is nt acquiring any better. The little additions in temperature seem harmless, but they can make an tremendous of harm to the Earth s ecosystem. Merely a few grades ended the last ice age, another warming like that could hold a ruinous consequence on the Earth and its animals, including us. In order to halt planetary heating, much has to be done. The first thing to make to command the Earth s temperature is to take down the combustion and/or the emanations of fossil fuels because that is the individual most responsible cause of planetary heating. The ruin is that after the planetary heating procedure has started, it is really difficult to change by reversal it. Global warming temperatures turn exponentially and we will hold to make an reply for planetary heating sooner than people think. I do nt cognize how to get down the procedure of firing less fossil fuels. All I know is planetary heating has to be stopped if we want to maintain populating the manner we do now. If it is nt stopped, the jobs discussed in this paper will merely acquire bigger and bigger and the stoping consequence will finally be decease. Plants Cited aˆ?Campaign to Stop Global Warming.aˆ? State PIRGs ( public involvement research groups ) Working Together. Mar. 2006. 4 Oct. 2007 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pirg.org/enviro/global_w/fact.html. aˆ?Fast Facts.aˆ? Environmental Media Services. 10 July 2006. 23 Oct. 2007 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ems.org/climate/sub2_climate.html. Murck, Barbara W. , Brian J. Skinner, and Stephen C. Porter. Environmental Geology. New York: John Wiley A ; Sons, 2004. 488-490. aˆ?The Planet Speaks.aˆ? The Wilson Quarterly 25.4 ( Autumn 2006 ) : 124. aˆ?To Save Lives, Give Global Warming the Same Priority As Biological Weapons, Says WWF.aˆ? WWF Global Network. 5 Nov. 1998. 27 Nov. 2006 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.panda.org/news/press/news.cfm? id=158.

5 Uncommon Grammar Mistakes You Might Not Know Youre Making

5 Uncommon Grammar Mistakes You Might Not Know Youre Making Most writers know how to avoid the most common grammar mistakes- use your word processors spelling and grammar checker and review your text carefully, but how can you avoid less common grammar mistakes you might not even know youre making?Many an editing project comes across my desk that includes a number of grammar mistakes. While Microsoft Word and other word processing programs often catch the most common mistakes- a misused comma or a split infinitive - the system simply can not do what a trained eye can; understand the authors intention and then appropriately convey this message in his/her text.A well-trained writer or editor can often catch these mistakes quickly and easily, but, as the author, you are the only one who truly knows what you are trying to say.Speaking of this- as the author of your written materials, its important that you clearly define your message, but then check your work to ensure each sentence conveys this message appropriately. You are really your best fir st defense against the common and even not-so-common grammar mistakes that plague your text.First, if you havent already done so, re-read your text. Read it aloud if you must. Does it make sense? Find areas where your grammar doesnt sound right and attack these areas first. Dont accept all grammar revisions from your word processor; the best writers know that these programs are extremely limited and often confuse your meaning when used indiscriminately.When you find text that isnt clear, or at least, doesnt sound right, start evaluating it with a critical eye. Are you making any common grammar blunders? Often a simple rewording will correct these mistakes.Beyond that, knowledge is power. Here are a few of my personal favorite uncommon grammar mistakes that you may already be making (and how to avoid them!):Alright is not all rightThis is the number one uncommon grammar mistake to avoid because it came as a total shock to me.Its never all right to use the word alright! It turns out t hat the word alright is a misspelling. Though its usage is becoming more popular in both British and American grammar, for now, using the word alright wont make your work all right.Run-on sentencesRun-on sentences are easy to spot when re-reading your text, especially if you are reading it aloud. If you must take a breath while reading the sentence aloud, stop a minute and check to ensure that you havent written a run-on.When you spot one, try cutting the sentence into two separate sentences and see if the intended meaning is still conveyed. One easy way to spot a run-on is use of the word however in the middle of a sentence. Chances are, that sentence can easily be divided into two, more clear sentences.Misuse of apostrophesBy far, this is the most common uncommon grammar mistake I see in my editing works and it is so easily avoided. Remember, you only use an apostrophe for contractions (isnt for is not) or to show possession (FinMarketings post).Here are some examples I almost alw ays see:Wrong: He was president during the 1960s.Right: He was president during the 1960s.Wrong: I recently read a great post of FinMarketings.Right 1: I recently read a great post by FinMarketing.Right 2: I recently read FinMarketings great post.Not sure whether the word requires an apostrophe? Leave it out. Chances are, an apostrophe doesnt belong in your sentence.Misuse of i.e. and e.g.With antiquated Latin origin, its easy to see why there is so much confusion surrounding these simple little abbreviations.i.e. comes from the Latin phrase id est, which means that is. Therefore, its abbreviation, i.e., literally means in other words. By contrast, e.g. comes from the Latin phrase, exempli gratia, which means for example. Therefore, e.g. is used before providing specific examples that support your assertion.If your sentence requires one of these abbreviations- but youre not sure which one- substitute the following for i.e. or e.g. in your text:in other wordsDo the words that follow provide a definition or synonym for the prior text? If so, use i.e.for exampleDo the words that follow clarify your previous text by way of example? If so, use e.g.Passive VoiceUsing passive voice will not kill your work and it isnt always inappropriate, but using active voice just helps to clarify your intended meaning. This is especially important for marketing materials, press releases and other text that requires concise communication and action.What is passive voice? Passive voice is best explained by example:Passive: The shoes were purchased by the lady in red.Active: The lady in red purchased the shoes.Choosing active voice makes your text more reader-friendly and more often than not, clarifies your intended meaning because it requires a direct statement and is less difficult to follow than passive voice.

Samurai Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Samurai - Research Paper Example rs by the Samurai class has increased to the extent of Emperor’s courtiers playing no role and remaining idle while Samurais were fighting battles on the horse backs with bows and arrows as well as newly crafted curved swords (http://www.samurai-archives.com/ots.html). The samurai warriors’ downfall came with modernization of Japan. In most of the cases, a country’s modernization is welcomed by its people and the government but that was not true in the case of Japan. Military class ruled Japan with extended responsibilities to serve the people and social affairs. This class was called ‘Samurai’ who not only defended the boundaries but were active in the social and cultural settings, and were distinct by being given a status of elite class by the rulers but they were not able to keep their hold on the nation and society for too long. With the downfall of Tokugawa shogunate, the rulers since 1600s to mid of 1800s, the coming back to power of the king in 1868, the newly established Meiji bureaucrats wanted reformation of the country to its earlier status. This reformation brought to the end the samurai class of warriors by late 1870’s; the downfall was not totally due to progress on the technology front but reform in all walks of life such as social, political, and cultural (Moscardi, 2007). The Meiji rulers wanted to restore the old glory of Japan, which came under aggression due to treaties made with the U.S. by the Tokugawa bakufu rulers, which put foreigners in an advantageous position by not charging taxes on imports and granting them immunity to Japanese law. The Emperor Meiji wanted to bring Japan on the same platform were the whole of West was standing. The aim of reformation was â€Å"having an economics system of industrial capitalism and a political system of liberal or quasi-liberal constitutionalism as in the U.S. and other European countries (Mason 257)).† With the opening of Japanese ports to others and ending seclusion in the mid 1800’s,

Role of magazines in the 21st century and how has their form changed Essay

Role of magazines in the 21st century and how has their form changed physically and has this involved a change in the content of perfect beauty - Essay Example American women responded well to the idea of readymade clothing. The ready to wear industry flourished with the help of fashion advertising. Evolution of the fashion saw the change of the concept of "perfect beauty" from the simple innocent look to the exposure of much skin. Other online fashion magazines like the Dwell and Martha Stewart were introduced whose concept of â€Å"ultimate beauty† was majored on body features, the slim and trim hipped-woman. As opposed to the audience in vogue and Haper’s bazar, who are mostly conservative in nature, theirs was a revolutionary woman who exposed most of her skin. Evolution of the fashion in America took many shapes as many designers resulted to designing different types of clothes. Givenchy dressed Audrey Hepburn; her fashion presented the feeling of taller, high, covering high top-knots, long legs, small, midriffs, pretty legs and exquisite clothes. This fashion sense revolutionized to Pierre cardin who exemplified fashion in the school girl look which depicted the perfect young girl look that was simple and portraying the feminine figure. Later, Courreges presented the futuristic ‘space-age ‘collection which had suits, dresses and trousers which were more sculpted as opposed to being sewn. This presented the sophisticated look of the mid-sixties. American designers started designed topless bathing suit which was known as the monobikini and the following year he designed lingerie and consequently seamless dresses. This fashion special influence was the exposure of much skin. The introduction of the internet and the Web 2.0 has enabled many people to share information faster and also share their photographs. This has made many photos of celebrities to be available for copying and enumeration. Such information is shared in different social media like twitter and Instagram. The fashion sense from 2003 and 2013 has changed very much with more

Mask Work in Drama Essay Example for Free

Mask Work in Drama Essay Our mask work in drama was an experience that I very much enjoyed very much. It also made me a better drama student because I increased my body movement far more as my face could not be seen. It has also shown me that with a mask on you can go for it with your body movement but you should go for it just as much with out a mask on. Fragments This part of the portfolio is where I say what Fragments of Mask work I learnt and enjoyed. Key word Fragments: Fragments of movement we mainly made up our selfs but always had to keep them ritualistic and precise. The movement we were taught in certain lessons were from a ritual and had to be Ritualistic and precise so every move was important. Examples of fragments I learnt in the lessons regarding Mask work: I remember the first lesson that we did mask work I was so unsure weather I would like it or not. What we did was sat in a circle Miss Grenene did movements that we had to copy in a ritualistic style. Then she made up copy the ritual routine with sounds so eventually we were all doing the same movements and sounds making us a chorus. Then she made us carry on the ritual adding sounds and movements on to it as we go. Miss was also playing the drum, which made it sound like an ancient ritual war drum. I felt unsure while doing this but however my emotions became more confident as the class ritual got better and better. The feelings I had were that I had to keep together with the group like a chorus should. Real life sounds and memories of sounds and movements were used in that ritual to carry on to making our own ritual. Like clapping whistling stomping all kinds of sounds and movements. All these ideas ran through my h ead and I was thinking this is good so why not add this, this and this to the piece. This was the starting point for our work as next we had to do a ritual in masks, which really does complete the ritual. I had to team up with Ross, Jack, Lisa and Joe to perform a Ritual of travelling from a neutral calm place to a hot place, to a cold place and then a funny place. I discovered on this first performance with a mask that because my face was covered up I had to express my character with my body and even more so as I didnt have speech. We all had to huddle together as well to look like a chorus. Sadly I felt nervous on that performance as everyone was moving at different times and I could not keep up so it went badly. For the movements I thought I should look freezing and act it and look hot and act it for the others I did the same basis for the ritual. I understand that a ritual is to be a serious occasion and you should act serious and focused while acting out a ritual like for example in a funeral or wedding. Which brings me onto my next piece which was when me Jack, Lauren, Keeli, and Michelle were acting out a wedding. The manor of this performance had to be serious and precise which it was. We did slow clear-cut movements that flowed and were symbolic to a wedding. This was a good piece when we performed it however the white cloth got caught in Keelis hair and we all ended up laughing. When we performing it I saw weddings on t-v and in real life and saw how formal they were, so I decided to draw my performance from that. I played the vicar and with the mask on I felt that Ginny was gone and the Vicar of the wedding was there. I felt calm and good about this performance as it was done well but we all laughed which emphasized even more the need t be serious in a ritual. Not one of my fragments up until now has made me happy with Mask Work. Not because I dont like because I always couldnt do my role correctly in movement or voice. Now I was put in a group for my moch exam and I was brilliant and confident from the word go I had no problem expressing my self and loved it. I feel that if I did it once I can do it again maybe it was the pressure of the exam that made me do well, however I am far more confident with mask work after that. Response: My emotional response to mask work is to approach it in a willing way. I felt like I had failed whenever I didnt give a good performance, which was most of the time, which hindered y confidence. I felt down like I did not know what I was doing wrong for a long time this made me frustrated with the work. This made me more determined though because I love drama so much I was not going to be perturbed by improvements that could and were in the end made. Also while we were trying new things I felt happy or sad or angry and this was related to the movements. I found that moving a lot made me happy and I could do that a lot if I was down. My Intellectual response to the work was to always be prepared and try everything and improve. I always wanted to intellectually give a good input to work and get a good out put from it. Ideas were always flowing into my head to put into a drama piece, but sadly I didnt know when to stop. The movements that we explored were always ritualistic and expressi ve according to the character or ritual we were playing in. In our moch exam I was so pleased with the response I gave to the work, which were magical ideas, and ritualistic movements, which got a good response, back this made me pleased. I always felt ready to try but had varied emotions through out mostly of focus and confusion to the drama piece. Development: Fragments were connected and developed as we learned more and put our increasing mask work techniques together into a ritual piece. Like our sounds like drumming or humming were connected to movements. For example a scream sound+ hands trying to pull your hair out could = an insane person in ritual. Another example could be a person with clawed hands above their head + a long grunt could = a person in a ritual who is angry. Mask + Movement = A soundless piece of drama where only the body can interpret the ritual using serious prà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cis and ritualistic movement. Also you must always have your head forward and facing the audience. Then you should have your shoulders back and have clear ritualistic movements and if there is sound use it so its clear and relevant also loud or quite depending on the mood. Mask +Movement+ Sound= A Ritual with expressive movement and sounds were effective adding atmosphere depending on the ritual piece. Mask+ Movement+ Sound+ Music= For example a piece of mask work like Oedipus which was the play we did and turned into a ritual. Fro sound we used words from the play like death, marriage, hanging, the grouching of the eyes. Then we linked these to ritualistic movements like people dieing and the grouching of the eyes. We used the music when there was a lot of tension at a high peak of the ritual. The chorus did movements all together this looked very effective and I liked the way they all moved at different level but still looked like a chorus in a ritual. Evaluation: The moch exam we did was based on a play called Oedipus and which we had to extract 10 words and turn it into a ritual with movement and music. Our 10 words were: Death, Marriage, Hanging, Grouching, Suffering, Hurl me, Madness, stabbing daggers, pain, and loved ones. The chorus which was Niki, Chris, Kirsty, Joe and Michelle used slow movements and long drowning words which made the ritual sound like a world of despair. I was the narrator and I said about the Marriage, death and hanging and the gouging of the eyes in the beginning. This was very effective and then at the end I came on screaming madness. Then the madness the chorus came out and stabbed me to death then I said the madness is done like I was closing the ritual. I must say I loved the way every ones movements were so precise and ritualistic. This so effective and the sounds we used symbolized the movements we did which made it look really good. I liked it because it flowed well and the sounds were loud and expressive. If I had to change something about the ritual it would be the fact that we could have moved more in time and also that the music could have been used more to show tension. Also the clothes were good too Red symbolising blood and black is the madness of killing. The other groups were so good as well I learnt that from them practise makes perfect. They were so realistic in voice and movement. Especially Sheryl and Daniel in voice. The choruses in all the groups could have moved better though. From this the thing I have learned that everyone must work on is their movements. The audiences were so good they gave us a lot of claps and support to spur us on.

Mart :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The largest and most successful company in the world is now being ridiculed for the way in which it has risen to the top. Wal-Mart is accused of setting a bad example for American companies by squeezing producers for low prices, outsourcing manufacturing jobs, discriminating in the workplace and for the inhumane treatment of employees. What these critics don’t understand is that there are positive aspects to what Wal-Mart is doing. Wal-Mart is good for America because it embodies capitalism. It constantly improves the productivity of American retailing, encourages competition and outsourcing, provides quality items at a low cost, is a stepping stone for retail workers, and creates business opportunities for other companies. Voted â€Å"America’s Largest Corporate Cash Giver† by Forbes magazine in 2003, Wal-Mart is also very generous to charities around the world. Wal-Mart is not detrimental to our economy or our country. It is a fundamental puzzle piece that is merely a strong player in today’s neoliberal game of capitalism. Lets face it, the good old days when producers dictated what appeared on the shelves of stores is now over, and in place is a buyer-driven chain where the consumer dominates. Now you have the choice of what to buy, where to buy it, and for the price you want. That is the great thing about global capitalism, it sparks competition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Competition in the market is a good thing for consumers and helps achieve the lowest prices one can possibly find anywhere in the world. Wal-Mart is driving prices down through its competitive bargaining strategy for its manufacturing costs. By holding prices at a low level, inflationary pressures are relieved and the economy is a lot steadier.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By selling items for less than average, Wal-Mart allows its customers to acquire more than normal when shopping in the store. Lower prices also mean more money is left in the pockets of consumers. This allows opportunities for businesses of all types. If the consumer doesn’t spend all their money at Wal-Mart, they will most likely go out and spend it somewhere else. That means more money spread across the economy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The low prices we enjoy at Wal-Mart indirectly come from the outsourcing of American manufacturing jobs. By sending low skilled jobs overseas, the overall prices of items decline tremendously. Some Americans will be left without a job for a short period, but it is through outsourcing that the global economy becomes most efficient.

State Policy Affect on the Family (Uk)

Using information from Items B and C and elsewhere, examine the ways in which state policy may affect families and households State policy has an influence on families and households through the laws the government create, and the messages certain policies give. Item B says that â€Å"The state has intervened significantly in families for a considerable length of time†, showing how the government considers it part of their responsibility for the families of Britain.However, the state has been accused of not doing enough to protect the traditional nuclear family. Some commentators have suggested that some liberal state policies, especially those introduced in the 1960’s (such as the 1969 divorce act and the legalisation of homosexuality in 1967), are responsible for the perceived decline in traditional family values. Those who claim that the family is in decline can be grouped under the label ‘New right’. They are usually conservative thinkers and politician s who believe strongly in tradition and dislike change.They believe that there was a ‘golden age’ of the family, in which husbands and wives were strongly committed to each other for life, and children were brought up to respect their parents, the authority, and the law. Item B says that â€Å"conservative thinkers tend to believe that there has not been enough state input into protecting the traditional family, or that state interference has actually contributed to the families decline by encouraging the development of ‘deviant’ living arrangements. They believe that equal opportunities and the equal pay legislation distracted women from their ‘natural’ careers as mothers and wives. They say that the 1969 divorce reform act undermined the commitment to marriage and that homosexuality is ‘unnatural’ and deviant. However, some state policies have tried to uphold the traditional family. Tax and welfare policies have generally favour ed and encouraged heterosexual married couples rather than cohabiting couples, single parents and same-sex couples. Graham Allen (1985) said that there policies have discouraged cohabitation and lone-parent families.Policies such as the payment of child benefit to the mother, and the government’s reluctance to fund free universal nurseries, have reinforced the idea that it is the woman (mother) who should take prime responsibility for the children. Also, the fact a coordinated set of family policies was not introduced until 1999 may reflect the state’s tendency to see the family as a private institution, and therefore reluctance to interfere. Nevertheless, the New right still think that government policies have damaged the nuclear family ideal.They claim that the government has encouraged women to return to work, and therefore ‘damaged’ children by ‘maternal deprivation’. Morgan (2000) even suggests that the government is ‘anti marriageà ¢â‚¬â„¢, and that the government is responsible for ‘deviant’ family types. Item C says that Dr Adrian Rodgers, of the group Family Focus, says that ‘homosexual couples cannot be defined as families- the basis of true love is the ability to procreate and have children’. The government has also had a positive effect on the individuals within the family. Conservative government made marital rape illegal in 1991, and the children’s acts (e. 1989) have increased rights for women and children within the family. Many people believe that this has strengthened the family, although others believe that this had undermined traditional male dominance within the family. Feminists say that the male dominance within the family is called private patriarchy, and in order to eradicate male dominance in society, we must first eradicate private patriarchy, which several state policies have attempted to do. In 2003, Labour appointed a Minister for children, and in 2007 t hey formed the Department for Children, Schools and Families.Lewis (2007) says that Labour have taken a ‘social investment in children’ and have increasingly recognized that family forms are changing. Lone mothers are no longer condemned as a moral problem and threat. Labour introduced policies such as the New Deal of 1998 to help lone mothers get back into work. They have also invested in subsidies for nursery childcare, lengthened maternity leave from 14 weeks to 9 months, and introduced the right for parents of young children to ask for flexible working patterns from their employers.However, this has attracted criticism that it is undermining family privacy and has constructed a ‘nanny state’ which over interferes in personal living arrangements. Furthermore, the government is still accused of conforming to familial ideology (the ‘ideal’ family; the preferred model is the traditional nuclear family with a clear sexual division of labour) in that the policy emphasis is still overwhelmingly on motherhood rather than parenting in general and fatherhood, for example in the way that there are limited rights of fathers to take paid paternity leave.Feminists have claimed that familial ideology is merely a patriarchal ideology, which ensures male dominance in the workplace. Oakley says that the government (and society) has the view that women have a maternal instinct, which follows on from the view that women, who choose not to have children, are ‘deviant’. In conclusion, the state has created many policies which affect families and households. The government can be seen to be encouraging marriage and discouraging cohabitation.Item C says that Lord Nicholls says that the family bond must be of a â€Å"relationship which is permanent or at least intended to be so†. Fox Harding (1996) argues that the best council housing is often allocated to married couples with children and the worst housing on ‘probl em’ estates are allocated to lone-parent families. This suggests that the tradition nuclear family is the dominant family type, and the government discouraged other types of families. The state has also encouraged families to take responsibility for the elderly and long-term sick/disabled.Female members of the family often carry the burden of this care, which means they are less likely to work full time and are more likely to be economically dependent on a man. This suggests that the government is reinforcing the traditional sexual division of labour. The new right say that the family is decline, but it may just be that it is simply changing, and the government changes its policies in accordance to how families change or need to be changed for the better.

Dark green religion and hunting Essay

Hunting and Dark Green Religion with a Twist of Sport Hunting Dark Green Religion and hunting go hand in hand in the traditional sense. According to Dark Green Religion, as exemplified by Bron Taylor, the death of an animal should be appreciated and teach us the ethics of loving and caring for the bounty of our planet. Farm animals are killed all the time with the justification that they are for food. The conditions those animals deal with are explicitly anti-DGR. There are several types of hunting but the main two are hunting for subsistence and sport hunting. Hunting for food is acceptable because since the beginning of time, animals eat other animals, due to our carnal nature. Numerous environmentalists, in accordance with Bron Taylor, agree that hunting is a life function for almost all animals its either for survival or for food, therefore it is acceptable, but the death of an animal should come at a price of great sadness and appreciation. Dark Green Religion and its followers believe that animals have some sort of spiritual value, this leads them to respect all living things whether they are sentient beings or not. Humans are omnivores by nature, so eating dead animals is as natural as it can get, as long as it is not factory farmed. One thought that arises is what is naturally acceptable and what is not? In the wise words of Henry David Thoreau what is wild is good or â€Å"all good things are wild and free. †1 Anything that is untainted by humans is natural, just like killing for food is natural, but killing to show off skill is not because other animals in the wild do not kill for pleasure or thrill. It is either for food or for self-preservation in some rare cases. Through the various DGR literature pieces that are analyzed in this paper there is a spectrum in the environmental literature. 2At one end is the view that hunting is justified only for self protection and for food, where no other reasonable alternative is available. Most writers, in this case Bron Taylor, Gretel Van Wieren, and Priscilla Cohn, also agree that hunting is sometimes justified in order to protect endangered species and threatened ecosystems where destructive species have been introduced or natural predators have been exterminated. Others, especially in western society, accept hunting as part of cultural tradition or for the psychological well being of the hunter, sometimes extended to include recreational hunting when practiced according to â€Å"sporting† rules. Nowhere in the literature as far as DGR is concerned is hunting for fun, for the enjoyment of killing, or for the acquisition of trophies defended. 3 Imagine being an animal†¦ getting chased and shot at by humans for pure enjoyment. It cannot be fun especially if they miss the vital organs and you are in severe pain. Sometimes the hunt will take hours and the animal will drag its mutilated body around trying to die in peace because that is all it can do at that point. Animals can feel pain just like us. In a movie that Dr. Ellard showed to us in class, a man with special powers transferred the pain and sadness of a dying deer to a hunter, the hunter screamed and writhed in pain. That just makes you think what must have been going through the deer’s brain. At what point is it acceptable to kill animals? For instance, killing in self defense is justified only if no effective nonlethal means is available. Some say the thrill of the hunt makes it worth whatever the cost may be. Killing to obtain trophies would be justified and only if trophies are an important nonsubstitutable good, or if some other important substitute good cannot reasonably be achieved by any other means. 4 Others say hunting does have a thrill but it shouldn’t be the only thoughts going through your head. According to Bron Taylor no small numbers of DGR folk hunt. Taylor does not approve of trophy or sport hunting. In his words; although there is nothing wrong in my view with appreciating and enjoying all that goes with the hunt, this is best combined with the feelings of sadness that I hope also comes with the taking of life. Dark Green Religion gives wildlife intrinsic value and a sort of spiritual relevance. Wild life is to be revered, not conquered and made to look inferior. 5 Humans are a part of the whole circle of life, and we should stay within our circle and not go out and destroy it. Bron and I discussed the main reason to which degree hunting should be considered acceptable. I think hunting is justifiable for food, as a philosophical understanding that we are not superior but rather are a part of nature and like other organisms, kill to survive and thrive, and it is also justifiable, sometimes, to promote the health of an ecosystem and the viability of other species populations. 6 According to Gretel Van Wieren agrees with me that there is less harm done in hunting that there is factory farming. In our case up here in the northeast, we have hunted the wolves to extinction in our region. The wolves were the main predators of the deer  population, since all the wolves have been killed; now it is our responsibility to hunt the deer since they are constantly overpopulating the region and devastating the flora of the region along with farmland. Bron Taylor and his colleagues who are mentioned above, joined us in our discussion, agreed with me wholeheartedly thru the lens of DGR. According to Ted Kerasote, avid outdoorsman, hunter, and author, buried in our animal nature lies an important but unstated fact: The drive to hunt and the drive for sex have much in common. Both are primal and both can be thanked for our presence here today. While the drive to hunt is less obvious than the drive for sex, the former probably contributed more to our culture. Sex is accomplished by two, but hunting is often accomplished in cohesive and enduring groups. 7 Before we became hunters, we met our need for animal protein by snacking on insects, snails, fledgling birds and other slow creatures too small to share. But hunting produced large, festive meals too grand to be eaten by any one person, meals which could feed large groups of people who would stay around the carcass not only to be sure of their shares but also to defend the meat from scavengers. 8 Based on the facts presented by Kerasote hunting, therefore, made us social. Since we have evolved and advanced so much that hunting is outdated in most cases, we hunt for other reasons. Hunting has brought us subsistence, and then the social aspect took over and now we are acting in the reverse direction of why we started hunting in the first place. The social aspect has led us to believe that hunting is acceptable just for the social aspect and not for that which it was originally intended. On the other hand, certain people, hold that animals were not put on earth for our use, certainly not so that we can kill them for pleasure. To the various DGR people mentioned in the paper, sport hunting is no more exalted than pulling the wings off flies. What the issue comes down to, then, is this: Now that we have become an industrialized society, should we indulge our instincts at the expense of other intelligent forms of life? That question has been very intelligently addressed in Ted Kerasote’s book called Bloodties. He makes a big a point in his introduction to the book that as long as we hunt locally (so that we don’t burn fossil fuel getting to our quarry) and as long as we eat the victim, we do infinitely less harm to the overall environment than we do by eating ordinary supermarket vegetables. After all, the vegetables are grown by an energy-hungry agribusiness whose pesticides decimate the ecosystem and whose combines fatally batter hundreds of small animals (insects, toads, snakes, ground-nesting birds, mice, voles, woodchucks, striped squirrels, weasels, skunks, foxes) in the course of each harvest. But venison is in dramatic contrast to the vegetables resulting from that harvest, as well as to feed-dependent pork, beef, mutton, chicken and turkey. Unlike agricultural produce, venison requires no pesticide or fossil-fuel to grow, and results in the loss of just one life: the deer’s. 9 Why don’t we all see this? Because to many of us, the little animals in the crops are vermin and the deer are Bambi, yet as Kerasote points out, life is precious to all creatures. This point that he makes shows us how deep this animal harm goes, people who are vegans probably do not think this deep. The land cleared for their food was once a home to animals. That same land is annually inhabited by other animals and every year they get killed or chased away by machinery. Kerasote hunts, probably very well. As a hunter he sounds more like an Inuit or a Bushman (or more like a wolf or a mountain lion, to name two other hunters of the deer) than like the camouflage-clad, beer-sodden macho types with automatic weapons who infest the woods each fall. And because he’s a hunter, Kerasote’s descriptions of hunts are realistic perfection, his detail is very vivid and proves the reader with imagery that makes you want to hunt. The thrill of the hunt is what our ancestors must have followed in order to even overcome the challenge of hunting with stones and on foot. Trophy hunting is the selective hunting of wild game animals. Although parts of the slain animal may be kept as a hunting trophy or memorial (usually the skin, antlers and/or head), the carcass itself is seldom used as food or mostly it is considered useless and thrown away. 10 Sport hunting goes back to ancient Mesopotamia and Persia. Kings would conduct lion hunts from chariots, and would often stock their lands with the beasts for this purpose. One of the oldest legends in history–Gilgamesh–celebrates his killing of lions and other beasts, mythic and real. Hunting–whether for food or for sport–has been directly tied to the extinction of megafauna in the Ice Age 41,000 years ago. The advent of firearms made hunting easier, and hunting expeditions (like the safaris of the 19th and early 20th centuries) became popular. 11 Before conservation laws, virtually anything was deemed fair game: elephants, tigers, rhinos, gorillas, wolves, deer, elk and most other large animals. Most of the animals involved with trophy hunting are either endangered or on the watch list. â€Å"Sport† hunting is a brutal business. It means taking the life of an innocent animal for personal gain. The hunting industry doesn’t like the word kill because it exposes the lie that animals die peacefully after being arrowed, shot, trapped, choked and generally tortured to death. So they sanitize the cruelty of hunting by using euphemisms to describe their evil deeds. 12 To make matters worse, not all of these animals that are hunted for sport are eaten; this promotes the lack of appreciation for their life. It is certainly true that many hunters seek to kill trophy animals which are precisely the animals that the species can least afford to lose: the â€Å"genetically prime† animals. 13 Since hunters look for the prime animals to kill, the stunted and genetically unfit animals are allowed to breed and then the offspring have less of a chance of surviving which further hinders the population as well as the hunters that are still hunting the species. A chief of this would be hunting elephants with big tusks. When the animals with big tusks are poached, the remaining population has to breed with males that would have otherwise lost in fights over mating partners. Since these elephants are genetically inferior precisely due to the size of their tusks, they are less likely to survive because during the dry season they will not be able to dig for water, and their offspring would have to endure the same problem. This would cull the population to the point where there would not be enough healthy elephants to keep the population alive. This just goes to show how such small actions by mankind can lead to such adverse effects for animals. Sport and trophy hunting have other deleterious effects on animal populations, as I discussed earlier in the paper with my example of the deer and wolf dilemma in northeast America. Hunting for sport has obliterated species. The dodo bird’s disappearance along with passenger pigeons’ is attributed mostly to sport hunters, and the historical decimation of the American buffalo from sport hunters nearly pushed that species to total extinction. Big game hunting was a craze in the 1800s, and their effect on animal populations was devastating. Sport hunters of the time were ignorant of issues like sustainable breeding populations, and there were no protected species until the first conservation laws were passed in the 20th century. 14 Dark Green Religion people have made it their mission to let society know of the harm they are causing by hunting for pleasure. If you look at the bigger picture here, anything that humans do for pure pleasure generally has a harsh consequence for the environment. If we paid attention to the devastation we cause we would probably help reduce the amount of damage we cause to our one and only planet. If the â€Å"pros† of sports hunting can be outweighed the â€Å"cons† by so much more it makes an obvious statement against sports hunting. Sport hunting has the direct effect of reducing animal populations; unless it is tightly regulated, this form of hunting can decimate species and disrupt the balance of ecosystems. 15 In many cases sports hunting has already upset an established ecological balance as in the case of the white tailed deer and the wolves. The message of DGR people is quite clear at this point, and we see that in some cases advocacy helps, but illegal sports hunting still proceeds unhindered in many cases and we need to help raise support against it by denying a market for illegal animal products. According to various environmentalists along with Bron Taylor, Gottlieb, and Henry David Thoreau, in order to fix the problem, we need to identify the problem and advocate to the public to the point where the public will be scrambling for a solution on their own. As these various authors are working on advocating the problem, the environment and society are still on a downhill plunge. In some cases we need visceral Dark Green Religion to come in explain why some groups regard wilderness with such reverence. It is because of Dark Green Religion that I even wanted to write this paper. I hope the rest of the world is as understanding as I am and attempt to do as much as anyone can to help improve the situation, because that is the only way change will occur. Bibliography Gunn, Alastair S. â€Å"Environmental Ethics and Trophy Hunting. † Ethics & the Environment. no. 1 (2001): 68-95. Kerasote, Ted. Bloodties: Nature, Culture, and the Hunt . New York: Random House, 1993. Priscilla Cohn Ethics and Wildlife: Hunting Myths, Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 1999. Swan, James A. In Defense Of Hunting. New York: Harper Collins, 1995. Tallmadge, John, â€Å"Deerslayer with a Degree,† in Mark Allister (ed. ) Eco-Man: New Perspectives on Masculinity and Nature, University of Virginia Press, 2004, 17-27 Taylor, Bron. Dark Green Religion: Nature Spirituality and the Planetary Future. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2009. Wade, Maurice L. â€Å"Animal Liberationaism, Ecocentrism, and the Morality of Sport Hunting. † Journal of the Philosophy of Sport. (1990): 15-27.

Debate Fingerprinting and Background Check vs. Invasion of Privacy

Debate Fingerprinting and Background Check vs. Invasion of Privacy Nowadays, the development of technologies and science takes one of the most significant positions. Scientists can present numerous innovations, which may considerably improve people’s lives, help to find out the solutions and even to make the right choice. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Debate: Fingerprinting and Background Check vs. Invasion of Privacy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nowadays, numerous background checks and fingerprinting are improved by means of science, and people get more opportunities to find out more information about each other. Fingerprint identification is considered to be an accurate science, accepted by numerous state courts. Lots of civilians think that fingerprinting and background checks are all about invasion of privacy. I truly believe that such sciences like fingerprinting and background checks help to control society and establish justice, and in spite of the fac t that people’s identification and investigation deprive lots of people of personal life, privacy, and secrets, the idea to live in disorder frightens me more. Fingerprinting and background checks help to control society and provide the necessary order. If there is no means to control a person or, at least, to give some hints, this person can take unpredictable steps against the law. The value of fingerprinting lies in the fact that by means of such investigations, it is easier and more accurate to find out a criminal. â€Å"Through the use of computers, fingerprints lifted from crime scenes, weapons, and other objects can be matched to a particular individual’s fingerprints in a matter of minutes† (Hall, 2008, p. 429). This is why within a short period of time, it is quite possible to find out a real criminal and assume the necessary measure. With the help of background checks and fingerprinting, it becomes a bit easier to obtain justice. Very often, innocent people may be blamed for something they did not do. A profound background check may help to focus on person’s past and evaluate his/her actions in the present. People cannot avoid mistakes, however, their mistakes should be grounded on their past experience, this is why such reliable techniques like background checks can be quite useful to those, who is looking for justice.Advertising Looking for research paper on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the above-mentioned techniques deprive people from one simple issue – their privacy. It becomes not very difficult to organize a background check and find out some personal information that should be secret. People can be found anywhere; the presence of people in any place may be identified by means of fingerprinting. Is it fair to deprive people from their personal life by means of background checks? To my mind, it is not fair. Thi s is why it is crucially important to have an access to such techniques only in the extreme cases, when the question or blame has strong grounds. According to the Fifth Amendment to the US Constitution, also known as the Bill of Rights, people have a kind of protection from government authorities. This is why no one has the right to worm into other person’s life without clear reasons. Fingerprinting and background checks cannot be considered as invasion of privacy, but on the contrary, as one more means in order to make this life safe and law-abiding. With the help of such techniques, it is possible to clear up who is a real criminal and who is a victim. Fingerprinting and background checks are really useful, however, not everyone should have an access to these technologies in order to control people’s existence somehow. Reference List Hall, D. E. (2008). Criminal Law and Procedure. Delmar: Cengage Learning.

ESL Lesson Plan Intensive Reading Exercise

ESL Lesson Plan Intensive Reading Exercise The following lesson focuses on reading intensively, in other words, understanding every word. Generally, teachers tend to ask students to read quickly for a general understanding. This method of reading is called extensive reading and is very helpful in getting students to deal with large chunks of information. However, at times students do need to understand details and this is when intensive reading is appropriate. Aim Developing intensive reading skills, vocabulary improvements concerning fine differences between related vocabulary terms Activity Intensive reading exercise in which each sentence must be read very carefully to discover mistakes and inconsistencies of syntax Level Upper-intermediate Outline Discuss different types of reading skills with students: Extensive reading: reading for pleasure with emphasis on general understandingIntensive reading: reading carefully for an exact understanding of text. Necessary for contracts, legal documentation, application forms, etc.Skimming: quickly looking through text to get an idea of what the text concerns. Used when reading magazines, newspaper articles etc.Scanning: locating specific information in a text. Usually used in timetables, charts, etc. Ask students to give examples of when they employ the various reading skills. This part of the discussion can serve to raise awareness concerning the fact that it is not always necessary to understand every word. Pass out handout and have students get into groups of 3-4. Ask students to read one sentence of the stories at a time and decide what is wrong with the sentences in terms of vocabulary (contradictions). Follow-up with a class discussion about the various problems with the text. Have students get back into their groups and try to substitute appropriate vocabulary for the incongruencies. As homework, ask students to write their own Whats Wrong? story which will then be exchanged with other students as a follow-up activity to the lesson in the next class period. What's Wrong? This exercise focuses on intensive reading. Read one sentence at a time and find the inappropriate vocabulary mistake or contradiction. All errors are in the choice of vocabulary NOT in grammar. Jack Forest is a baker who always provides his customers with tough meat. Last Tuesday, Mrs Brown came into the shop and asked for three fillets of brown bread. Unfortunately, Jack only had two fillets remaining. He excused Mrs Brown and promised her that he would have too much bread the next time she came. Mrs Brown, being a reliable customer, assured Jack that she would return. Later that day, Jack was sealing the shop when he the phone sang. It was Mrs Brown requiring if Jack had baked another slice of brown bread. Jack said, As a matter of truth, I burnt some extra loaves a few hours ago. Would you like me to bring one buy?. Mrs Brown said she would and so Jack got into his bike and road to Mrs Browns to deliver the third pound of brown toast.My favorite reptile is the Cheetah. It is truly an amazing creature which can trot at a top speed of 60 m.p.h.! Ive always wanted to go to the cool planes of Africa to see the Cheetah in action. I imagine it would be a disappointing experien ce looking at those Cheetah run. A few weeks ago, I was watching a National Geographic special on the radio and my wife said, Why dont we go to Africa next summer?. I hopped for joy! Thats a lousy idea!, I stated. Well, next week our plain leaves for Africa and I can hardly imagine that we are going to Africa at first. Frank Sinatra was an infamous singer, known throughout the world. He was a novice at singing in the crooning style. During the 50s and 60s grunge music was very popular throughout clubs in the US. Las Vegaswas one of Frank Sinatras favorite squares to sing. He often traveled into Las Vegas from his hut in the woods to perform in the evening. Audiences inevitably booed as he sang encore after encore to the delight of international fans from around the county.

Prerequisites for The European Union Formation and Its Development Research Paper

Prerequisites for The European Union Formation and Its Development - Research Paper Example At this stage in history, and despite realization of the importance of integration, only six European countries, Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, signed the Treaty of Paris (Biggs, 110-111). Great Britain, possibly encouraged by the fact that it was not part of continental Europe, refrained from signing this treaty. The second major stage in the formation of the EU came in the form of the Treaty of Rome in 1957 and the subsequent creation of the European Economic Community. This treaty, as Gordon Weil explains, established the principles, laws and institutions for much closer economic cooperation, leading towards integration, between the member states. Again Britain refused to sign the treaty and rejected the prospect of European integration. As Loukas Tsoukalis explains, Britain's resistance, as was the case with other European countries, was based on the simple fact that it feared that it would loose its national identity and that the British state would loose its sovereignty over the country. Quite simply stated, resistance to integration was based on the fear of the consequences of integration to national identity and sovereignty (439-441). ... Britain is, needless to say, one of the EU's most prominent members and within the framework of the union, is a power in its own right. Despite the fact that it is a fully integrated EU member, not to mention an extremely influential one, and has benefited both politically and economically from its membership, Britain remains resistant to the deeper economic and political integration which monetary unification represents. Lee Miles, conceding that "Economic and Monetary Unification has always been a sensitive policy area" due to the fact that it entails the resignation of a substantial amount of sovereignty over domestic economies, argues that the economic benefits outweigh the loss to sovereignty (3). Even though monetary integration would necessitate Britain's conceding large parts of its economic sovereignty to the EU, the facts seem to indicate that Britain, as a signatory of the Single European Act and as a member state which is obligated to accept the supremacy of EU law, is no t safeguarding its sovereignty over its domestic economy through its rejection of monetary unification. Quite simply stated, it has already resigned a significant amount of that sovereignty and has already accepted the supremacy of EU law. This leads to the conclusion that rejection of monetary unification, while partly related to domestic fiscal and monetary policies, expresses Britain's commitment to its national identity and heritage and its refusal that this identity is overwhelmed by the European one. Through an examination of the implications of the Single Europe Act and the doctrine of supremacy, the paper shall seek to prove this point.

OP-ED columnist Joe Nicera Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

OP-ED columnist Joe Nicera - Research Paper Example Pamela Cantor’s research which was based on high poverty schools. Throughout his article, Nocera adopts an informative and discursive tone in order to enlighten his readers about the gravity of the consequences the effects of poverty have on the educational system as well as to motivate them to deal with this issue. According to an article, high poverty schools take up about 40% of schools in cities but their average scores are very low compared to other schools. (Christine Armario, 2010). The article opens with the mention of Dr. Pamela Cantor’s speech, titled â€Å"Innovative Designs for persistently Low-Performing Schools†. It then moves on to talk about how Dr. Cantor has studied the effects of poverty on education. Nocera informs his audience that â€Å"chaos reigned† in schools where there was a high poverty level. The teachers were not equipped to bring order to chaos and the â€Å"most disruptive children dominated the schools†. These school s are normally populated by levels of racial minorities. (Mike Green, 2011). Needless to say, these schools were functioning as schools should be. Nocera explains the findings of Dr. Cantor’s research in order to build a base for the discussion about how to tackle and eliminate these effects in the longer run. He goes on to describe how the â€Å"Turnaround for Children† came about as Dr. ... Poverty figures have become more serious since September 2011, when it was quoted by the NY Times that about one out of five people in New York could be categorized as poor. (Sam Roberts, 2011). Approximately half of America’s children live in high poverty districts according to a census done in 2011. (Lisa Lambert, 2011). A map that depicting changes in poverty in the United States shows that poverty in America is becoming a rising trend; where once in 2010 only 15.1% Americans were living below the line, today, two years later, that number is much higher. (Andy Hull, Nick McClellan and Troy Schneider, 2012). Turnaround plays an important part in this issue because it is working to â€Å"bridge an important divide† by facing the issues high-poverty schools face â€Å"head-on† instead of beating around the bush with them. Nocera then shifts to a brief discussion of how this project operates and how it creates a â€Å"positive, disciplined culture† by motiv ating the students about how they can excel in school and education in general. He goes on to clarify that even though this project is of extreme importance; it is still in its experimental stages and is â€Å"relatively small†. Results of Turnaround’s efforts in various schools have shown that the schools that they had worked on were on average â€Å"calmer, safer, indeed, happier places† however, they should work more on improving academic environment if they want to achieve better results from this venture. Nocera moves towards the closing of his article by mentioning again, Dr. Cantor’s speech mentioned first in the very beginning of his article. He explains how her speech talked